Polycystic Ovarian Disorder

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder affecting people with ovaries, typically during their reproductive years. It is characterized by irregular menstrual periods, excess androgen (male hormone) levels, and often multiple small cysts on the ovaries. Here are key points about PCOS

Women with PCOS often have irregular menstrual cycles, which may be infrequent, prolonged, or absent altogether.Excessive hair growth on the face, chest, back, or other areas where men typically grow hair.Increased sebum production can result in acne, particularly along the jawline, chin, and upper neck.

Complications: Irregular ovulation or lack of ovulation (anovulation) can make it challenging for women with PCOS to conceive naturally. Women with PCOS are at increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome, which includes high blood pressure, high blood sugar levels, abnormal cholesterol levels, and increased waist circumference.Insulin resistance associated with PCOS can progress to type 2 diabetes if not managed effectively.Infrequent or absent menstrual cycles can lead to overgrowth of the uterine lining (endometrium), increasing the risk of endometrial cancer.

Diagnosis:-PCOS is typically diagnosed based on a combination of symptoms, physical examination, blood tests (to measure hormone levels and assess for insulin resistance), and ultrasound imaging of the ovaries.

Treatment:- Treatment for PCOS focuses on managing symptoms and addressing underlying hormonal imbalances. Depending on the individual's goals and symptoms, treatment options may include.

Symptoms:-

Symptoms

• Symptoms:-Women with PCOS often have irregular menstrual cycles, which can manifest as:Menstrual periods that occur less frequently than every 21 days or more frequently than every 35 days.
  Prolonged periods that may be heavier than normal.
• Excess Androgen:- Excessive hair growth in areas where men typically grow hair, such as the face (upper lip, chin), chest, back, and abdomen. The hair growth is often coarse and dark.
  Increased oil production in the skin due to elevated androgen levels can lead to acne, particularly along the jawline, chin, and upper neck.
  Thinning hair or hair loss similar to male-pattern baldness, known as androgenic alopecia.
• Polycystic Ovaries:-On ultrasound examination, the ovaries may appear enlarged and contain multiple small follicles (cysts). These cysts are not actual cysts but rather follicles that have not developed properly due to hormonal imbalances.